A Critical Analysis of the Historicity and Attributes of the Titles of Sahabiyat (Female Companions of the Prophet ﷺ)

صحابیات رضی اللہ عنہن کے القابات کی تاریخیت اور اوصاف کا تحلیلی جائزہ

Abstract

The tradition of titles and epithets began with the first human, Adam (peace be upon him), and will continue until the Day of Judgment. In fact, after death, the people of Paradise will be called 'Inhabitants of Paradise' and the people of Hell will be called 'Companions of Fire'. Some will be called 'Taliqah' (freed ones) and others 'Ashab al-A'raf' (Companions of the Heights). In Arab society, giving titles was a common practice, where people would give titles to each other in exchange for services, similar to the British era's knighthood and various awards. Understanding the titles given to the Sahabiyat (female companions of the Prophet Muhammad) will reveal the moral training and characteristics of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). This article will discuss the greatness and virtues of Sahabiyat, their ranks and positions, aspects of Sahabiyat's titles, why and how the Quran and Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) honored them with titles, the historical and legal status of Sahabiyat's titles, how Muslim women can transform their lives based on the Sahabiyat's lives, and how women in Islam can seek guidance from Sahabiyat in fulfilling domestic and social responsibilities. The titles and awards received by Sahabiyat in the Islamic state of Madinah for their remarkable achievements in spirituality, knowledge, literature, research, courage and services, reflect the Prophet Muhammad's (peace be upon him) character and his virtuous life. Considering Sahabiyat's titles, the great women's character and conduct become evident, serving as a guiding light for contemporary Muslim women. The Prophet Muhammad's (peace be upon him) life, teachings, training, and reformative, administrative, and revolutionary characteristics become apparent through the titles bestowed upon Sahabiyat, providing guidance for all.