Historical Evolution of Religious Communities in Chakwal: An Interfaith Perspective

التطور التاريخي للجماعات الدينية في چكوال: منظور حواري بين الأديان

Abstract

The rich religious heritage of Chakwal District, Punjab, Pakistan, presents a unique landscape of diverse faith communities interacting across centuries. This study explores Chakwal’s religious history, focusing on how different faiths have coexisted. It uses archaeological discoveries, historical records, oral stories, literary narratives, news article and population data to trace the presence of Jain, Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim, Sikh, Christian, Ahmadi, and Bahá’í communities. Key sites like the Buddhist stupas of Gandhala Valley, Katas Raj Hindu temples, Sufi shrines, Sikh historical landmarks, and Christian schools highlight this diversity. Before the 1947 Partition, these communities often worked together on shared projects like schools and civic efforts. However, the Partition displaced many Hindus and Sikhs, leading to the decline of their sacred sites. Despite challenges, minority groups continue to maintain their traditions. By examining abandoned temples, gurdwaras, and other heritage sites, as well as memories of coexistence, this study shows Chakwal as a model of South Asia’s religious diversity. It stresses the need to protect these cultural treasures and promote interfaith understanding to heal past wounds and foster peace.