An Applied Study on the Concepts of Orphans, Pre-Islamic Background, Moral and Financial Rights, and Rulings in the Light of Prophetic Hadiths (PBUH)

یتامیٰ کے مفاہیم، جاہلی پس منظر، اخلاقی و مالی حقوق اور احکام کا احادیثِ نبوی ﷺ کی روشنی میں اطلاقی مطالعہ

Abstract

This study explores the comprehensive Islamic perspective on the rights, care, and protection of orphans as derived from the Prophetic Hadiths (PBUH). The research begins with an analysis of the linguistic and terminological definitions of the term yateem (orphan), followed by an examination of the socio-cultural and moral conditions of orphans in the pre-Islamic (Jahiliyyah) era, where exploitation and deprivation were common. It then investigates the transformation brought about by Islam, which granted unprecedented moral, financial, and social rights to orphans, emphasizing their care, proper upbringing, and protection of their wealth. The study delves into the specific Hadith injunctions that guide guardians in ethical conduct, including the prohibition of consuming orphans’ property unjustly, the obligation of handing over assets upon maturity, and ensuring orphans’ social dignity. Furthermore, the research addresses physical engagement of orphans in work for their benefit, the encouragement of charity toward them, and guidance regarding the marriage of orphan girls, all supported by authentic Hadith evidence. This applied analysis not only highlights the moral imperatives but also provides practical recommendations for contemporary Muslim societies, where cultural negligence or inherited traditions sometimes hinder the fulfillment of these rights. The findings underscore the Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ profound emphasis on the protection and empowerment of orphans, presenting their care as a path to spiritual reward and societal harmony. The paper concludes that adhering to the Prophetic model ensures both worldly success and eternal salvation.