Explainatory study of common and specific sponsorship in the light of Islamic teachings

اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں کفالتِ عامہ و خاصہ کا توضیحی مطالعہ

Abstract

This article examines the Islamic principle of kifāla (guardianship and support), emphasizing its critical role in fostering a fair and compassionate society. Rooted in Quranic teachings and the Sunnah, kifāla defines general welfare (kifāla 'āmma) and specific care (kifāla khāṣṣa), aiming to uphold the rights of all individuals and provide focused support to vulnerable groups, including orphans, widows, and the needy. The Quran establishes these guidelines, while the Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH) life and the interpretations of jurists like Imams Shafi'i, Malik, and Ahmad ibn Hanbal further refine them, highlighting ideals of social justice and collective responsibility. By examining classical and contemporary interpretations, this study reveals the depth and adaptability of kifāla within diverse social contexts, underscoring Islam’s enduring commitment to human dignity, equity, and communal welfare as foundational to an inclusive society.