The Right to Choose a Spouse in Islam: A Research Study on Personal Freedom, Mutual Consent, and Marital Harmony

اسلام میں حقِ انتخابِ زوج: شخصی آزادی، باہمی رضا مندی اور ازدواجی ہم آہنگی کا تحقیقی مطالعہ

Abstract

In Islam, the right to choose a spouse is recognized as a fundamental aspect of individual freedom and social well-being. This right is not merely a cultural preference but a principle rooted in the Qur’an and Sunnah, where the emphasis is placed on mutual consent, compatibility, and shared values between prospective partners. The Qur’an highlights the importance of marrying individuals who align in faith and character (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:221), while Hadiths emphasize the Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) encouragement for men and women to exercise personal judgment in marriage decisions. This research study explores the concept of spousal choice in Islam, clarifying its significance in establishing trust, communication, and harmony within the marital bond. It also addresses common misconceptions that equate arranged marriages with Islamic teachings, pointing out that cultural practices should not be confused with religious principles. By recognizing the individual’s right to select a partner, Islam seeks to ensure that marriages are based on emotional fulfillment, mutual understanding, and long-term stability. Furthermore, Islamic guidance outlines specific criteria for choosing a spouse, such as faith, moral character, family background, and shared goals, thereby creating a foundation for strong and enduring family systems. Ultimately, the exercise of this right reflects Islam’s broader vision of protecting human dignity, fostering social justice, and promoting a balanced family life. This study therefore highlights that personal choice, coupled with family guidance and mutual consent, remains central to Islamic teachings on marriage and contributes to marital harmony and societal well-being.