A Comparative Study of the Magna Carta, Charter of Madinah, and the Last Sermon of the Holy Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him)

میثاقِ مدینہ اور خطبۂ حجۃ الوداع کا مگنا کارٹا کے معاہدے کا تقابلی مطالعہ

Abstract

This study offers a comparative analysis of three pivotal historical documents: the Magna Carta (1215), the Charter of Madinah (c. 622 CE), and the Last Sermon of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) (632 CE). Examining their unique historical contexts, the paper highlights their shared emphasis on principles of justice, the establishment of rights, and the structuring of communal governance. While the Magna Carta primarily aimed to limit monarchical power and secure specific liberties for the English nobility, the Charter of Madinah established a framework for a pluralistic and harmonious society in early Islam, and the Last Sermon articulated universal ethical and social guidelines for humanity. Despite their distinct origins and objectives, these foundational texts collectively represent significant milestones in the evolution of concepts related to individual and communal well-being, the rule of law, and the organization of society.