An Analytical Study of the Causes and Impacts of Negative Identity in Pakistani Society: An Islamic Perspective

پاکستانی معاشرے میں منفی شناخت کے محرکات اور اثرات: اسلامی تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Abstract

akistan, founded in the name of Islam, lies in one of the most populous regions of the world, with Muslims forming the majority. If this population is provided with the right ideological direction, it can play a revolutionary role in the development of the country. A strong and unified identity is the most basic requirement for this development. Islam acknowledges regional, linguistic, and cultural identities but only as secondary introductions—not as core values. It emphasizes the formation of Ummat e Wahida (a unified Muslim nation). However, when these identities lead to societal division and the creation of "negative identity," Islam strictly discourages it. Negative identity emerges when individuals or groups define themselves based on traits or beliefs that are considered socially or religiously unacceptable. Rooted in the psychological theory of Erik Erikson, this concept finds ground in contexts where individuals feel socially rejected. In the Pakistani context, negative identity manifests in sectarianism, regionalism, and linguistic prejudice, which weaken national unity and foster intolerance and extremism. This research explores the psychological and sociological origins of negative identity and how it evolves within the Pakistani society. It critically examines its various contributing factors, including religious disconnection, sectarian prejudice, and political misuse of identity markers. The paper suggests that a return to an Islamic worldview emphasizing unity, spiritual consciousness, and educational reform is essential to overcoming this crisis.