The Role of Muhajireen in the Formation of the State of Madinah: An Analytical Study of the Prophetic Welfare Strategy and Islamic Brotherhood

ریاستِ مدینہ کی تشکیل میں مہاجرین کا کردار: نبوی فلاحی حکمتِ عملی اور اخوتِ اسلامی کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Abstract

This paper investigates the pivotal role of the Muhajireen in the establishment of the Islamic state of Madinah, with a focus on the prophetic welfare model implemented by the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. The research traces the journey of the early Muslim community from the persecution in Makkah to their migration and eventual rehabilitation in Madinah, highlighting the transformative strategies employed by the Prophet ﷺ to build a just, inclusive, and spiritually enriched society. Key aspects of this welfare-oriented model include the Mithaq-e-Madinah (Constitution of Madinah), which secured inter-tribal unity and collective security; the institutionalization of Mu’akhāt (brotherhood between Muhajireen and Ansar), which fostered social cohesion; and the establishment of the Masjid as both a spiritual and socio-political center. The Prophet ﷺ’s leadership provided not only immediate relief to the vulnerable migrants but also a sustainable framework for their economic integration, moral uplift, and active participation in state-building. The paper argues that this prophetic model was rooted in values of justice, equity, mutual care, and spiritual development, which transformed oppressed and displaced individuals into the backbone of the Islamic state. Furthermore, the study underscores the enduring relevance of these principles for contemporary societies facing challenges of migration, displacement, and community integration. By analyzing the prophetic strategies, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of how spiritual and moral foundations served as the cornerstone for governance, unity, and welfare in the formative period of Islamic civilization.