Ijtihād in the Contemporary Era: In the Light of Iqbal's Thought

عصر حاضر میں اجتہاد :فکر اقبال کی روشنی میں

Abstract

This research explores the relevance of Ijtihad (independent reasoning) in the modern Islamic world through the philosophical lens of Allama Muhammad Iqbal. It highlights Ijtihad as a critical tool to bridge traditional Islamic law with contemporary challenges in politics, economics, technology, and ethics. The paper argues that Ijtihad—once central to Islamic legal development—has been undermined by centuries of taqlid (blind imitation), and Iqbal calls for its revival to reawaken intellectual and spiritual freedom in Muslim societies. Iqbal viewed Ijtihad not merely as a legal mechanism but as an engine of civilizational renewal, emphasizing that Islam must adapt without losing its essence. He stressed the need for a dynamic Islamic state that institutionalizes Ijtihad and harmonizes religious law with modern realities. The study also examines challenges facing Ijtihad today, including political misuse, lack of scholarly infrastructure, and conservative resistance. In response, Iqbal advocates a forward-looking, rational, and ethical approach to Islamic reform. Ultimately, the article concludes that Ijtihad, inspired by Iqbal’s vision, is essential for Muslim progress—combining reason, faith, and modern awareness to shape a more just and vibrant Islamic future.