A Comprehensive Study of the Makkan and Madinan Classification of Ḥadīth: Historical Evolution, Thematic Factors, and Trends in Sīrah Writing

احادیث مبارکہ کی مکی و مدنی تقسیم: تاریخی ارتقاء، موضوعاتی عوامل اور سیرت نگاری کے رجحانات کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Abstract

The classification of Ḥadīth into Makkan and Madinan categories is a significant area of Islamic scholarship, reflecting the historical, thematic, and legal evolution of Islamic teachings. This research explores the development of the term "Ḥadīth" and its conceptual understanding, the factors influencing the emergence of specific topics in Ḥadīth, and the gradual formulation of Sharīʿah rulings. It also delves into the temporal and spatial arrangement of Qurʾānic verses and chapters, providing a foundation for understanding the distinction between Makkan and Madinan Ḥadīth. This study highlights the benefits of recognizing these classifications, including their role in understanding the socio-political context of the Islamic message and in the development of Sīrah literature. Additionally, it examines the methodology for determining Makkan and Madinan Ḥadīth and their themes, emphasizing the content and the historical environment of revelation. Special attention is given to pre-prophetic narrations, the thematic categorization of Makkan Ḥadīth, and their implications in shaping Islamic jurisprudence and moral conduct. The analysis also considers the evolution of Sīrah writing, showcasing its integration with Ḥadīth studies. This paper provides an in-depth understanding of these elements, offering valuable insights into the intricate relationship between historical context, thematic focus, and the progression of Islamic sciences.